Echinoderms, Chordates Review Questions

1. Draw a diagram which shows evolutionary relationships among the major clades (groups) of vertebrates.
2. Give some examples of the kinds of animals found in each of the major clades of vertebrates.
3. List the animal phyla that are deuterostomes.
4. List the characteristics of mammals.
5. List characteristics of echinoderms.
6. Discuss the system that operates the tube feet in echinoderms.
7. State the function of gills in primitive vertebrates and state their function in modern fishes.
8. Trace the path of blood flow through the circulatory system of a fish, an amphibian, and a mammal. Use the following terms in your discussion: atrium (left, right), ventricle (left, right), gills or lungs, body.
9. List characteristics of birds.
10. List characteristics of chordates.
11. Name the group of vertebrates that the vertebrate lung first appeared in.
12. Discuss the mechanism of feeding in sea stars (starfish).
13. Explain why echinoderms are placed with chordates in the classification scheme.
14. Describe the nervous system of an echinoderm.
15. Why are amphibians not free to live on land?
16. What were the first chordates that were completely free to live on land?