Appendix I

CCC Chem Hyg Plan

M Lawliss Home

APPENDIX I

1910.1450 - Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories.
Standard Number: 1910.1450
Standard Title: Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories.
SubPart Number: Z
SubPart Title: Toxic and Hazardous Substances

Produced by USDOL OSHA - Directorate of Safety Standards &
Directorate of Health Standards
Maintained by USDOL OSHA

(a) Scope and application.
(1) This section shall apply to all employers
engaged in the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals as defined below.

(2) Where this section applies, it shall supersede, for laboratories,
the requirements of all other OSHA health standards in 29 CFR part 1910,
subpart Z, except as follows:

(i) For any OSHA health standard, only the requirement to limit employee
exposure to the specific permissible exposure limit shall apply for
laboratories, unless that particular standard states otherwise or unless
the conditions of paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section apply.

(ii) Prohibition of eye and skin contact where specified by any OSHA
health standard shall be observed.

(iii) Where the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the
permissible exposure limit) is routinely exceeded for an OSHA regulated
substance with exposure monitoring and medical surveillance requirements
paragraphs (d) and (g)(1)(ii) of this section shall apply.

(3) This section shall not apply to:

(i) Uses of hazardous chemicals which do not meet the definition of
laboratory use, and in such cases, the employer shall comply with the
relevant standard in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart 2, even if such use occurs
in a laboratory.

..1910.1450(a)(3)(ii)
(ii) Laboratory uses of hazardous chemicals which provide no potential
for employee exposure. Examples of such conditions might include:
(A) Procedures using chemically-impregnated test media such as
Dip-and-Read tests where a reagent strip is dipped into the specimen to be
tested and the results are interpreted by comparing the color reaction to
a color chart supplied by the manufacturer of the test strip; and
(B) Commercially prepared kits such as those used in performing
pregnancy tests in which all of the reagents needed to conduct the test
are contained in the kit.



(b) Definitions -
"Action level" means a concentration designated in 29 CFR part 1910 for
a specific substance, calculated as an eight (8)-hour time-weighted
average, which initiates certain required activities such as exposure
monitoring and medical surveillance.
"Assistant Secretary" means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for
Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, or designee.
"Carcinogen" (see "select carcinogen").
"Chemical Hygiene Officer" means an employee who is designated by the
employer, and who is qualified by training or experience, to provide
technical guidance in the development and implementation of the provisions
of the Chemical Hygiene Plan. This definition is not intended to place
limitations on the position description or job classification that the
designated individual shall hold within the employer's organizational
structure.
"Chemical Hygiene Plan" means a written program developed and
implemented by the employer which sets forth procedures, equipment,
personal protective equipment and work practices that (i) are capable of
protecting employees from the health hazards presented by hazardous
chemicals used in that particular workplace and (ii) meets the
requirements of paragraph (e) of this section.
"Combustible liquid" means any liquid having a flashpoint at or above
100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C), but below 200 deg. F (93.3 deg. C), except any
mixture having components with flashpoints of 200 deg. F (93.3 deg. C),
or higher, the total volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the
total volume of the mixture.
"Compressed gas" means:
(i) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute
pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70 deg. F (21.1 deg. C); or
(ii) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute
pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130 deg. F (54.4 deg C) regardless of the
pressure at 70 deg. F (21.1 deg. C); or
(iii) A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 deg. F
(37.8 C) as determined by ASTM D-323-72.
"Designated area" means an area which may be used for work with "select
carcinogens," reproductive toxins or substances which have a high degree
of acute toxicity. A designated area may be the entire laboratory, such as
a laboratory hood.
"Emergency" means any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment
failure, rupture of containers or failure of control equipment which
results in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the
workplace.
"Employee" means an individual employed in a laboratory workplace who
may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in the course of his or her
assignments.
"Explosive" means a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous
release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock,
pressure, or high temperature.
"Flammable" means a chemical that falls into one of the following
categories:
(i) "Aerosol, flammable" means an aerosol that, when tested by the
method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame protection exceeding 18
inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to
the valve) at any degree of valve opening;
(ii) "Gas, flammable" means:
(A) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable
mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent by volume or less; or
(B) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of
flammable mixtures with air wider than 12 percent by volume, regardless of
the lower limit.

(iii) "Liquid, flammable" means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100
deg F (37.8 deg. C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints
of 100 deg. C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of
the total volume of the mixture.
(iv) "Solid, flammable" means a solid, other than a blasting agent or
explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through
friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained
heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily
and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a
serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered to be a flammable solid if,
when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and
burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an
inch per second along its major axis.
"Flashpoint" means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a
vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite when tested as follows:
(i) Tagliabue Closed Tester (See American National Standard Method of
Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester, Z11.24 - 1979 (ASTM D 56-79)) -
for liquids with a viscosity of less than 45 Saybolt Universal Seconds
(SUS) at 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C), that do not contain suspended solids
and do not have a tendency to form a surface film under test; or
(ii) Pensky-Martens Closed Tester (See American National Standard Method
of Test for Flashpoint by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, Z11.7 - 1979 (ASTM
D 93-79)) - for liquids with a viscosity equal to or greater than 45 SUS
at 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C ), or that contain suspended solids, or that
have a tendency to form a surface film under test; or
(iii) Setaflash Closed Tester (see American National Standard Method of
test for Flash Point by Setaflash Closed Tester (ASTM D 3278-78)).
Organic peroxides, which undergo autoaccelerating thermal decomposition,
are excluded from any of the flashpoint determination methods specified
above.
"Hazardous chemical" means a chemical for which there is statistically
significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance
with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health
effects may occur in exposed employees. The term "health hazard" includes
chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents,
reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins,
nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic systems,
and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Appendices A and B of the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR
1910.1200) provide further guidance in defining the scope of health
hazards and determining whether or not a chemical is to be considered
hazardous for purposes of this standard.
"Laboratory" means a facility where the "laboratory use of hazardous
chemicals" occurs. It is a workplace where relatively small quantities of
hazardous chemicals are used on a non-production basis. "Laboratory scale" means work with substances in which the containers
used for reactions, transfers, and other handling of substances are
designed to be easily and safety manipulated by one person. "Laboratory
scale" excludes those workplaces whose function is to produce commercial
quantities of materials.
"Laboratory-type hood" means a device located in a laboratory, enclosure
on five sides with a movable sash or fixed partial enclosed on the
remaining side; constructed and maintained to draw air from the laboratory
and to prevent or minimize the escape of air contaminants into the
laboratory; and allows chemical manipulations to be conducted in the
enclosure without insertion of any portion of the employee's body other
than hands and arms.
Walk-in hoods with adjustable sashes meet the above definition provided
that the sashes are adjusted during use so that the airflow and the
exhaust of air contaminants are not compromised and employees do not work
inside the enclosure during the release of airborne hazardous chemicals.
"Laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" means handling or use of such
chemicals in which all of the following conditions are met:
(i) Chemical manipulations are carried out on a "laboratory scale;"
(ii) Multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used;
(iii) The procedures involved are not part of a production process, nor
in any way simulate a production process; and
(iv) "Protective laboratory practices and equipment" are available and
in common use to minimize the potential for employee exposure to hazardous
chemicals.
"Medical consultation" means a consultation which takes place between an
employee and a licensed physician for the purpose of determining what
medical examinations or procedures, if any, are appropriate in cases where
a significant exposure to a hazardous chemical may have taken place.
"Organic peroxide" means an organic compound that contains the bivalent
-O-O- structure and which may be considered to be a structural derivative
of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been
replaced by an organic radical.
"Oxidizer" means a chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive as
defined in 1910.109(a), that initiates or promotes combustion in other
materials, thereby causing fire either of itself or through the release of
oxygen or other gases.
"Physical hazard" means a chemical for which there is scientifically
valid evidence tat it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas,
explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer pyrophoric,
unstable (reactive) or water-reactive.
"Protective laboratory practices and equipment" means those laboratory
procedures, practices and equipment accepted by laboratory health and
safety experts as effective, or that the employer can show to be
effective, in minimizing the potential for employee exposure to hazardous
chemicals.
"Reproductive toxins" means chemicals which affect the reproductive
chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal
damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis).
"Select carcinogen" means any substance which meets one of the following
criteria:
(i) It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen; or
(ii) It is listed under the category, "known to be carcinogens," in the
Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program
(NTP)(latest edition); or
(iii) It is listed under Group 1 ("carcinogenic to humans") by the
International Agency for research on Cancer Monographs (IARC)(latest
editions); or
(iv) It is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC or under the
category, "reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens" by NTP, and causes
statistically significant tumor incidence in experimental animals in
accordance with any of the following criteria:
(A) After inhalation exposure of 6-7 hours per day, 5 days per week,
for a significant portion of a lifetime to dosages of less than 10
mg/m(3);
(B) After repeated skin application of less than 300 (mg/kg of body
weight) per week; or
(C) After oral dosages of less than 50 mg/kg of body weight per day.
"Unstable (reactive)" means a chemical which is the pure state, or as
produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense,
or will become self-reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure or
temperature.
"Water-reactive" means a chemical that reacts with water to release a
gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard.

..1910.1450(c)
(c) Permissible exposure limits. For laboratory uses of OSHA regulated
substances, the employer shall assure that laboratory employees' exposures
to such substances do not exceed the permissible exposure limits specified
in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart Z.

(d) Employee exposure determination -
(1) Initial monitoring. The
employer shall measure the employee's exposure to any substance regulated
by a standard which requires monitoring if there is reason to believe that
exposure levels for that substance routinely exceed the action level (or
in the absence of an action level, the PEL).

(2) Periodic monitoring. If the initial monitoring prescribed by
paragraph (d)(1) of this section discloses employee exposure over the
action level (or in the absence of an action level, the PEL), the employer
shall immediately comply with the exposure monitoring provisions of the
relevant standard.

(3) Termination of monitoring. Monitoring may be terminated in
accordance with the relevant standard.

..1910.1450(d)(4)
(4) Employee notification of monitoring results. The employer shall,
within 15 working days after the receipt of any monitoring results, notify
the employee of these results in writing either individually or by posting
results in an appropriate location that is accessible to employees.

(e) Chemical Hygiene Plan - General. (Appendix A of this section is
non-mandatory but provides guidance to assist employers in the development
of the Chemical Hygiene Plan).
(1) Where hazardous chemicals as defined by
this standard are used in the workplace, the employer shall develop and
carry out the provisions of a written Chemical Hygiene Plan which is:

(i) Capable of protecting employees from health hazards associated with
hazardous chemicals in that laboratory and

(ii) Capable of keeping exposures below the limits specified in
paragraph (c) of this section.

(2) The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall be readily available to employees,
employee representatives and, upon request, to the Assistant Secretary.

(3) The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall include each of the following
elements and shall indicate specific measures that the employer will take
to ensure laboratory employee protection;


..1910.1450(e)(3)(i)
(i) Standard operating procedures relevant to safety and health
considerations to be followed when laboratory work involves the use of
hazardous chemicals;

(ii) Criteria that the employer will use to determine and implement
control measures to reduce employee exposure to hazardous chemicals
including engineering controls, the use of personal protective equipment
and hygiene practices; particular attention shall be given to the
selection of control measures for chemicals that are known to be extremely
hazardous;

(iii) A requirement that fume hoods and other protective equipment are
functioning properly and specific measures that shall be taken to ensure
proper and adequate performance of such equipment;

(iv) Provisions for employee information and training as prescribed in
paragraph (f) of this section;

(v) The circumstances under which a particular laboratory operation,
procedure or activity shall require prior approval from the employer or
the employer's designee before implementation;
(3)(vi)
(vi) Provisions for medical consultation and medical examinations in
accordance with paragraph (g) of this section;.

.1910.1450(e)(3)(vii)
(vii) Designation of personnel responsible for implementation of the
Chemical Hygiene Plan including the assignment of a Chemical Hygiene
Officer, and, if appropriate, establishment of a Chemical Hygiene
Committee; and

(viii) Provisions for additional employee protection for work with
particularly hazardous substances. These include "select carcinogens,"
reproductive toxins and substances which have a high degree of acute
toxicity. Specific consideration shall be given to the following
provisions which shall be included where appropriate:

(A) Establishment of a designated area;
(B) Use of containment devices such as fume hoods or glove boxes;
(C) Procedures for safe removal of contaminated waste; and
(D) Decontamination procedures.

(4) The employer shall review and evaluate the effectiveness of the
Chemical Hygiene Plan at least annually and update it as necessary.

(f) Employee information and training.
(1) The employer shall provide
employees with information and training to ensure that they are apprised
of the hazards of chemicals present in their work area.

..1910.1450(f)(2)
(2) Such information shall be provided at the time of an employee's
initial assignment to a work area where hazardous chemicals are present
and prior to assignments involving new exposure situations. The frequency
of refresher information and training shall be determined by the employer.

(3) Information. Employees shall be informed of:

(i) The contents of this standard and its appendices which shall be made
available to employees;

(ii) the location and availability of the employer's Chemical Hygiene
Plan;

(iii) The permissible exposure limits for OSHA regulated substances or
recommended exposure limits for other hazardous chemicals where there is
no applicable OSHA standard;

(iv) Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals
used in the laboratory; and

(v) The location and availability of known reference material on the
hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals found
in the laboratory including, but not limited to, Material Safety Data
Sheets received from the chemical supplier.

..1910.1450(f)(4)
(4) Training.
(i) Employee training shall include:

(A) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or
release of a hazardous chemical (such as monitoring conducted by the
employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual appearance or odor of
hazardous chemicals when being released, etc.);
(B) The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area; and
(C) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from these
hazards, including specific procedures the employer has implemented to
protect employees from exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as
appropriate work practices, emergency procedures, and personal protective
equipment to be used.

(ii) The employee shall be trained on the applicable details of the
employer's written Chemical Hygiene Plan.

(g) Medical consultation and medical examinations.
(1) The employer
shall provide all employees who work with hazardous chemicals an
opportunity to receive medical attention, including any follow-up
examinations which the examining physician determines to be necessary,
under the following circumstances:

..1910.1450(g)(1)(i)
(i) Whenever an employee develops signs or symptoms associated with a
hazardous chemical to which the employee may have been exposed in the
laboratory, the employee shall be provided an opportunity to receive an
appropriate medical examination.

(ii) Where exposure monitoring reveals an exposure level routinely above
the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the PEL) for an
OSHA regulated substance for which there are exposure monitoring and
medical surveillance requirements, medical surveillance shall be
established for the affected employee as prescribed by the particular
standard.

(iii) Whenever an event takes place in the work area such as a spill,
leak, explosion or other occurrence resulting in the likelihood of a
hazardous exposure, the affected employee shall be provided an opportunity
for a medical consultation. Such consultation shall be for the purpose of
determining the need for a medical examination.

(2) All medical examinations and consultations shall be performed by or
under the direct supervision of a licensed physician and shall be provided
without cost to the employee, without loss of pay and at a reasonable time
and place.

..1910.1450(g)(3)
(3) Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide
the following information to the physician:

(i) The identity of the hazardous chemical(s) to which the employee may
have been exposed;

(ii) A description of the conditions under which the exposure occurred
including quantitative exposure data, if available; and

(iii) A description of the signs and symptoms of exposure that the
employee is experiencing, if any.

(4) Physician's written opinion.
(i) For examination or consultation
required under this standard, the employer shall obtain a written opinion
from the examining physician which shall include the following:

(A) Any recommendation for further medical follow-up;
(B) The results of the medical examination and any associated tests;
(C) Any medical condition which may be revealed in the course of the
examination which may place the employee at increased risk as a result of
exposure to a hazardous workplace; and
(D) A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of
the results of the consultation or medical examination and any medical
condition that may require further examination or treatment.

..1910.1450(g)(4)(ii)
(ii) The written opinion shall not reveal specific findings of diagnoses
unrelated to occupational exposure.

(h) Hazard identification.
(1) With respect to labels and material
safety data sheets:

(i) Employers shall ensure that labels on incoming containers of
hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced.

(ii) Employers shall maintain any material safety data sheets that are
received with incoming shipments of hazardous chemicals, and ensure that
they are readily accessible to laboratory employees.